Prenatal care and early childhood experiences are crucial for a child's social and emotional development. The health of the mother during pregnancy, including factors like nutrition and stress levels, can significantly impact the baby's brain development (Coussons-Read, 2013). Good prenatal care ensures a healthy start for the baby, while adverse conditions can lead to long-term developmental challenges. Additionally, the experiences and environment during pregnancy influence how the baby's brain develops, laying the groundwork for future emotional and social skills.

After birth, a nurturing environment is essential for emotional growth. Children thrive when they feel safe and supported, which helps them develop trust and confidence. Responsive caregiving—where parents and caregivers meet a child's needs for hunger, comfort, and emotional support—teaches children how to express their feelings and manage their emotions. This kind of caregiving builds a strong foundation for healthy relationships.

Children who receive consistent and loving care are more likely to develop strong social skills, empathy, and resilience. They learn to interact positively with others and handle conflicts effectively, which are essential skills for success in school and life. Conversely, a lack of nurturing care can lead to challenges in emotional regulation and social interactions, resulting in issues like anxiety, low self-esteem, and difficulties in forming healthy relationships. Therefore, providing a supportive and responsive environment during prenatal care and early childhood is critical for promoting positive social and emotional development that lasts a lifetime.